Effects On The Industrial Revolution

ECONOMICALIndustrialization resulted in an increase in population and the happening of urbanization, as a growing number of people moved to urban centres in search of employment. Some individuals became very wealthy, but some lived in horrible conditions. A class of wealthy industrialists, ship owners and merchants conquered, accumulating great wealth, but at the same time the working classes had to live with minimum comforts in overcrowded environments. Children were sent to work in factories, where they were broken and ill-treated. The growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on the ability to transport raw materials and finished goods over long distances.There were three main types of transportation that increased during the Industrial Revolution: waterways, roads, and railroads. Transportation was important because people were starting to live in the West. During this time period, transportation via water was the cheapest way to move heavy products (such as coal and iron). As a result, canals were widened and deepened to allow more boats to pass. Robert Fulton made the first steam-powered engine to power a steamboat, and in 1807 he demonstrated its use by going from New York City to Albany via the Hudson River.His steamboat was able to carry raw materials across the Atlantic Ocean by the mid 1800's. The roads also improved immensely during this time period. Previously, people traveled using animals or by foot, but there were many problems with the conditions of the roads. In 1751, turnpikes were created for easier transportation, especially for the horse-drawn wagons. John Loudon McAdam made â€Å"macadam† road surfaces which consisted of crushed rock in thin layers.Thomas Telford made new foundations in roads with large flat stones. Soon after, roads across America were improved based on these techniques. The closest to trains were horses, commonly used to pull freight cars along rails. In 1801, Richard Trevithick made the first steam locomotive . These improvements on waterways, roads, and railroads all made traveling safer, and it allowed goods to be moved more efficiently.SOCIALWomen experienced large changes in their lifestyle as they took jobs in  domestic service and the textile industries, leaving the agricultural workforce and spending less time in the family home. This period also saw the creation of a middle class that enjoyed the benefits of the new prosperity. People started spending their free time entertaining themselves in theatres, concert halls and sports facilities or enjoying the countryside in long path.The Industrial Revolution was preceded by an agricultural revolution that increased the food supply while decreasing the amount of labor needed. Traditionally, the primary goal of agriculture was to produce enough food to prevent famine. This overwhelming fear of starvation made most farmers very conservative and highly skeptical of change. Poor harvests would lower the supply of food, which would resul t in increased prices. The basic effect of supply and demand was at the center of most of the class conflict in this preindustrial world.Both bad harvests and increased population affected the price of food. High prices increased the wealth of the aristocratic class and led to death and starvation among the peasants; therefore, the primary reason behind most peasant uprisings was the high price of food.POLITICALMost important, however, 19th-century Britain experienced political unrest as the industrialization and urbanization of the country created a need for social and political change. There were increasing demands for improved social welfare, education, labour rights, political rights and equality, as well as for the abolition of the slave trade and changes in the electoral system. As a result, the slave trade was abolished in 1807 and the Great Reform Act was passed by Parliament in 1832. After this Reform Act, manufacturing cities such as Birmingham and Manchester could be repr esented in Parliament for the first time, thereby substantially changing the character of parliamentary politics.The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to Europe but one of the most notable differences is urbanization. Urbanization is the process of people migrating to the cities from farms and the country. Before urbanization and the Industrial Revolution, most people were peasants and lived out in the country. Their occupation was a farmer and they generally just worked from home. However, once the Industrial Revolution started people, people started moving to cities and working in  new factories, increasing urbanization. A reason for this was that because of a surplus of food, the population increased.This supplied more labor which allowed people to start moving to cities instead of staying on the farms. Also more jobs were found in the cities compared to the farms because of new technologies that greatly increased the productivity of farming which cause the demand for farmers to decrease. However, the continuity of this change is that even though farmers were moving out the cities to find jobs, there were still farmers working in the country. Farmers were still needed to produce food for the growing population but there were less of them needed because technology replaced some the need for human labor. Urbanization was certainly a crucial change during the Industrial Revolution but there were still some features that stayed the same.

How the Environment plays a role in Learning Essay

Learning is a process which touches on almost every aspect of human life. Surprisingly, it is through learning that the experiences of the past are passed on to the younger generation by parents as well as educators. It is impossible to get knowledge without learning. Apart from knowledge, learning equips people with skills and abilities that enable them to deal perfectly with the complexities of life. Through learning for instance, individuals get to know about the rules that enable them to interact in their social lives. Learning is however not unique. It networks with an individual’s social life and the environment (Custom Essay, 2009). Richlin in his book, Blue print for learning: constructing collage courses to facilitate, access and document learning, acknowledges that â€Å"Learning does not occur in a vacuum. † It cannot occur in isolation either and is dependent on various factors such as the environment (Richlin, 2006). The environment is the substance upon which learning is laid upon. It forms the backbone of learning. Environment thus plays a significant role as far as the learning process is concerned. The environment can affect the learning process either positively or negatively. This research paper seeks to look at various environmental factors and the roles they play in the learning process. The Natural Environment Though in the current world there is a high rise of technology and people can change the environment to suit their needs, the impact of natural environment on learning is still so strong and cannot be ignored. For example, people who were brought up in rural areas are very different from those in urban area. This is in respect to what each has learned. Those from the remote areas are in contact with nature itself. They learn so much from nature since their dwelling place is so natural and has not been contaminated by human activities. On the other hand, a city dweller has no natural environment access and barely learns much from it. He or she is even less concerned with what is happening in the natural environment. Lessons on nature become challenging to city dwellers but remote dwellers learn with ease (Custom Essay, 2009). It is in the natural environment that historical, scientific, and geographical materials for learning are found in plenty. These natural features are fun to learn when individuals know what they are learning about. For instance, those located near the ocean or sea will have fun learning about the marine ecosystem. Likewise those in mountainous regions will enjoy a geography lesson on types of mountains. Learning in these natural environments is so real, so natural, and so meaningful and students tend to perform better than those who learn in the theoretical way in the cities (Smith, 2010). Social Environment Many people do not know that social environment plays a fundamental role in the process of learning. Humans are social beings and they can neither live nor learn in an isolated situation. Ones a child is born, the learning process begins from the social environment. By crying, the child knows that it will be attended to by the society around it. The first people to get in touch with an individual from an early age are from the family members. The family at this level is the social environment for the child. Basic knowledge is learned from the parents and it becomes the foundation of an individual’s future life. The social environment then expands as the individual advances in age. He or she can learn from friends, peers, and influential adults (Custom Essay, 2009). However, different people that an individual comes into contact with, impact differently on his or her learning process. At the early stage of a person’s life, parents shape the views, beliefs and equip the person with basic knowledge, skills and the abilities. The family can affect the child negatively or positively. For instance, statistics reveal that children under family abuse score less in exams than the ones who have been raised normally free from abuse. Abused children feel useless and they develop a negative self image. They undermine their learning ability and hence perform poorly in the learning process. In contrast, a family can positively motivate a child by encouraging them to believe they can. Such children build confidence in themselves that enable them to face challenges at home and in school. This positively influences their learning. The time the parents spend with their children also influences learning. Very committed parents like those in the military have little time for their children and therefore children do not get all the knowledge that they require. Other parents have a high priority for discipline and they will raise-up disciplined children. High level discipline augers well with learning (Smith, 2010). At the adolescent stage, peers mean everything to an individual’s life. An individual develops personality through the interaction with his or her peers (Custom Essay, 2009). Learning can be impaired if the teen chooses a bad social grouping. Anti-social behaviors like drug and substance abuse will no doubt impair a person’s learning process. Drug and substance abuse interferes with the activity of the mind in processing information. There is also the interference with the normal functioning of the body. In addition, some people spend much of their time in non-constructive activities like gambling. They therefore do not concentrate in their classroom activities leading to poor performance (Smith, 2010). Despite the fact that most of a person’s personality has already been shaped by the time they reach adulthood, adults still learn even in old age. The social environment affects the learning process of an adult (Custom Essay, 2009). The Physical Environment The physical environment also affects the learning process. To start with, the structures in which people, particularly students, spend most of their days will determine the quality of learning. Research has shown that students in shabby schools rarely perform well as compared to those in decent schools. Shabby structures are not attractive to the learners and they do not feel motivated to learn either. They might also be missing some structures such as windows which will pose a danger to learning especially in times of hurricanes and rains. A good physical environment is attractive and cultivates positive attitudes in both learners and teachers. Schools or learning environments should be friendly if at all the desirable learning is going to take place. There should be attractive spaces to give students comfort the way they would in a cafe. Learning is therefore improved with the physical environment improvement. In the classrooms, the arrangement of desks and spacing all count to the learning process. Studies have revealed that students who are less attentive and barely successful are mostly affected by arrangement of desks. Their queer behaviors will tend to increase when they are in rows rather than around tables. To make sure that all students are monitored, clustering of students should be avoided. This ensures that there is enough space for every student and there is no opportunity for the misconduct of students. The students therefore will be serious and of course learn more in spacious classes (Victorian Institute of Teaching, nd). Other physical aspects that determine the process of learning include climate, noise, and color. Extreme temperatures negatively affect the quality of learning (Victorian Institute of Teaching, nd). Hurricanes will also have their part to play. Many other disastrous weather conditions affect learning negatively. The student will spend more time fighting with the disasters than in their studies. Poor weather reduces the level of concentration (Smith, 2010). Noise disrupts the whole process of teaching and learning. Too much noise leads to the impairment of the cognitive function. Most reading and studying problems are associated with noise. Furthermore it is difficult for a student to hear what the teacher is saying if there is a lot of noise in the environment. Likewise color affects the efficiency and motivation in learning. Choice of colors depends primarily on the learners’ age and gender. Brighter colors go well with young children and adolescents will be attracted by subdued colors. Males feel at peace with brighter colors but females would like softer colors. Careful considerations should therefore be made when furnishing classrooms to avoid negative influences (Victorian Institute of Teaching, nd). The Cultural Environment Individuals are from different cultural backgrounds. The styles of learning differ from one culture to another. In the developing worlds like Asia and Africa, teachers, mentors and parents insist on the observation of strict discipline in the process of teaching and learning. Children are not given time to air their views. In contrast, in developed countries like US, learning is less controlled and children are allowed to actively participate in learning and teaching processes. This may go a long way to motivating students for better performance. Restrictions on the other hand will make students hate the whole process of learning and teaching (Smith, 2010). The learning process is also affected by the nature of the cultural environment. Some cultures may have a special respect when it comes to knowledge acquisition. People who are learned are greatly respected. These people become mentors to the learner and boost their morale. For example, if a child grows up admiring a certain engineer, chances are that he or she will learn more to become that engineer. Additionally, in the developed countries almost everyone is educated. They also have better resources such as equipped libraries and internet facilities. Their children therefore receive information they require in learning from diverse areas. The more the resources, the more simplified the learning process will be. On the other hand, inadequate resources will always pose a threat to the learning process. In addition, poor countries have a high number of uneducated people and thus do not act as motivators to learning (Smith, 2010). Some cultures also may influence learning by holding a special position in a particular area of study. For along time, there have been talks on mathematics, sciences and languages. Certain cultural backgrounds may fail to put weight on the study of language such as in Myanmar. Some tribes here have no records of their written language. Students from such localities are restricted by their cultural environment to learn the language. They will only have few language experiences. Other cultures will put more emphasis on subjects like mathematics. Learning mathematics for students from these environments will not be a difficult task. The cultural environment therefore dictates what is to be learnt and to what extent (Catherine, 2010). Classroom Setting There are different classroom settings all of which affect the process of learning. Learners tend to perceive various settings differently. For instance, in comparing the traditional classroom teaching with online learning, traditional though passed by time, provides the best setting. Online learning does not monitor the learner’s move. Learning therefore is at the mercy of the learner’s self discipline. More so, there is no reinforcement offered by online learning and there is no educator-recipient direct interaction. In traditional classroom environment, the learner’s moves are closely monitored, there is teacher-student contact and therefore reinforcement is guaranteed. The teacher is in a position to learn the psychological weakness of a student. Once the problem is known, the student can be helped out. Students of the traditional setting will always perform better academically than online students. The learning process is therefore affected by the kind of setting selected (Smith, 2010).

Balloon Car

Jesse Pinkman Balloon Car Project DESIGN COMPANY INFORMATION Well our business company is comprised of Nick Wilson and I, Thomas Kinley. Our Company’s name is That Company ®. I am the President, The CFO, and the Director of all Operations of That Company. My engineering experience will really enhance our chances of winning this and making even more cars. I’ve worked for many toy companies to get cars running. I think our idea will help Iowa’s kid have fun and save the world because of the recycled materials. This will benefit students by giving them something to play within their free time instead of watching TV. PROJECT STATEMENT The project that is at hand is very simple it is making a balloon powered car out of simply recycled materials. This will help kids of Iowa learn about wheels and axles. It will also teach them how to make the most out of materials that could be recycled. This will also teach the kids about the Laws of Motion, friction, and acceleration. Basically our project will be distributed to teach kids about many different things in science. PRELIMINARY DESIGN My design will start with an empty pop can, and then I will screw holes for the axles (pencils) to go into. Then I will shave the pencils for the least amount friction, and then I will stick the milk carton caps on as my wheels. I will spray WD-40 on to really loosen up the axle. I am going to cut some of the can off for aerodynamics. My car will win because it will be aerodynamic, little friction, but still a lot of acceleration.

Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Corporate Social Essay

Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example It is clearly shown in this report that foreign direct investment complicates the CSR practices of multinational corporations and other businesses operating internationally. This shows that there is a strong relationship between CSR and FDI. The relationship is influenced by several factors. First, stakeholder legitimacy problems cause international businesses to adapt to local CSR practices because stakeholders in host countries exert pressure on them to behave according to their interests in order to be considered legitimate. Secondly, international human resource management policies in host countries may complicate CSR practices of the foreign country due to the difference between HRM practices of the host and home country. An expatriate problem also results in complex CSR practices because expatriates may experience new cultures and behaviors in the host country that may change their CSR practices. Institutional distance is also considered as another factor affecting the relation ship between CSR and FDI. A high institutional distance between hoe and host country usually leads the multinational corporation to adapt to the local CSR practices. Recent research indicates that a company operating in host countries with a different institutional environment and demanding stakeholders are likely to adopt local practices in order to legitimize their foreign direct investment in host countries. This can be explained using the institutional theory and stakeholder theory which explain internal and external motivations for legitimacy in multinational corporations. Foreign Direct Investment is the acquisition of assets by an international company in another country. Foreign Direct Investors face the challenge of integrating home country CSR practices and the demands of stakeholders in the host country. Understanding these legitimacy pressures for foreign direct investment requires a link between corporate social responsibility and foreign direct investment.

Ethical dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Ethical dilemma - Essay Example agreement by society as to whether the decision to have an abortion should completely be on a medical basis without considering the rights of the unborn child. Many religions condemn the ending of life, especially of a defenseless unborn child. The Muslim faith sees life as sacred. The same applies to other religions and hence abortion is strongly condemned. In Kuwait, having an abortion is considered killing the unborn child mercilessly. However, when the life of the person carrying the pregnancy is in danger, the real moral issue as to whether to consider the unborn child as a real human being arises (Lindahl, 1999). Many Muslim faithful in Kuwait view the pregnancy as a person with a soul and hence should be respected as any other human being. In cases where the pregnancy was not planned, or birth control methods did not work, many potential mothers are left with the dilemma of deciding whether to carry the pregnancy to full term or to have an abortion. Reasons for such thoughts could be financial inability to care for the child or the shame of getting pregnant outside marriage. Many such women would opt to have an abortion to avoid the consequences of having to deal with such a pregnancy. Nevertheless, the thought of killing an innocent "child" with the potential of growing into a complete human being does not stop ringing in their minds thus such women are really troubled as to what is the best action to take. Society is bound to shame or completely reject them associating with other people because of such pregnancies, hence such women are forced to avoid such occurrences by having an abortion. On the other hand, their relationship with Allah never leaves them, placing them in very unsure situations as to what is the best way out of such a situation Nurses and doctors are not also left out in this never ending debate on abortion. A religious nurse or doctor might find himself or herself faced with a situation whereby chances of both the mother and unborn

Everything that Rises Must Converge, Good Country People, and The Essay

Everything that Rises Must Converge, Good Country People, and The Boarding House - Essay Example Most of Connor’s characters are physically or mentally deformed, and they seek redemption at the end. With some sort of epiphany the characters of Joyce emerge from the dark world in which they were doomed to live. The short stories under scrutiny in this paper are Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge† and â€Å"Good Country People† and Joyce’s â€Å"The Boarding House†. The focus of this paper is on examining how these writers have used symbolism and irony in their writing and how with these the development of relationships among the characters help the authors to convey their messages. Each following paragraph takes up one story for this analysis. In â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge† O’Connor introduces a mother who is incapable of realizing the new reality of desegregation. Still living in her romantic fantasy of her past aristocratic mansion, she refuses to see the convergence of a ne w society in which all are equal. In order to highlight this weakness in her character, the author contrasts her with her own son who has accepted civil rights movement and tolerance. This conflict is reflected through a simple event, a bus journey. Right from the beginning of the story the narrator gives close attention to the cap she mother wears: â€Å"She was holding herself very erect under the preposterous hat wearing it like a banner of her imaginary dignity† (Convergence). ... t her habit of sticking to her stubborn past multiplies the inherent weakness in her character: â€Å"â€Å"If you'll never learn where you are,† he said, â€Å"you can at least learn where I am† â€Å"(Convergence). There is no possibility of any form of convergence between the mother and the son. As the story comes to the end, the transforming cultural landscape and the mindscape of the characters come into light clearly focused. The mother â€Å"lived according to the laws of her own fantasy world outside of which he had never seen her set foot† realizes her son (Convergence). The transport, the bus, which carries the whites and the blacks without any discrimination becomes the stage on which the convergence is enacted, finally leading to the tragic death of the mother. The sight of the cap and the dress of the black woman irritate the white mother because they do not reflect the segregation, and her sense of patronizing the blacks in the form of offering mo ney also boomerangs. â€Å"â€Å"Don’t think that was just an uppity Negro woman,† he said. â€Å"That was the whole colored race which will no longer take your condescending pennies†Ã¢â‚¬ , reminds her son (Convergence). The son, though he has accepted desegregation, is also not able to strip his modern views and converge to preserve the mother-son relationship. In â€Å"Good Country People† Connor makes her theme more complex, though here again the story is about the relationship between a mother and her daughter. It is complex because a daughter with an artificial leg, but possessing a philosophical mind, struggles to experience joy, though her name is ironically Joy. With Nitcshe deep in her blood, and with her PhD in philosophy, everything is nothing in her life. The artificial leg is highly symbolic in the story as it

An Effective Interpersonal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

An Effective Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example Another thing which is important in the mean of communication is that the person who is communicating does note carefully if the listener or the person who is being referred to understand the theme of the message. This can be achieved by a two-way process. By two way process here it is meant that the communicator should ask for replies from the person who is being referred to with the message. This would help to assure the communicator that his message is being interpreted properly by the listener. Similarly, if this is not done the message would be misinterpreted and other problems may arise because of this miscommunication (Michael 1988 & Kelly 1979). In a personal relationship, it should be noted that some expressions like nodding, smiling and movement of eyes etc. help as a tool for answering and creating the two-way process of communication. Similarly verbal messages like OK, I understand, true, indeed etc. also support the two-way process of communication. Positivism is one imp ortant aspect of the communication process. By positivism here it is meant that both the negative and positive aspects of the message should be kept in balance so that the person to whom the message is being referred to does not get a wrong concept. If this happens and the negative aspect is given more weigh the person who is being referred to may take it wrong and get discouraged by the other person’s response or assertions (Michael 1988 & Kelly 1979). Communication process has several barriers when dealing with the spouses.... Thus it is necessary that the communicator does not drag his message up to critical levels where the other listener gets confused by the message. This confusion can therefore lead to several other problems in the relationships (Kelly 1979 & Taylor 2001). Dear Sara and Tim, my advice to you for a successful relationship is to maintain a level of understanding and frankness which allows you to speak out ‘clearly’ your innermost feelings and communicate your expectation without hesitation. The expectations from the other partner to understand the unspoken or ambiguously communicated wishes may end up weakening the relationship. The communicator should make it a point that he is direct when communicating. The communicator should not involve irrelevant messages while he communicates as these irrelevant messages can lead to errors in understanding the basic idea or expectation of the other partner.. The misconception about reaching the point in communication is that the commun icator usually thinks that adding up other points may give him an advantage but this rather creates an absurd image in which one can miss out the main points of the original message. So it can be concluded that in communication it is necessary that the main point is laid out firstly so that it is not missed out later on (Michael 1988 & Kelly 1979). It is also necessary for the communicator to make up his speech in such a way that it does not sound cold or harsh. This is because the message would put down the listeners or the person to whom the message is referred to. And this would create other errors at the workplace as well as in the personal relationships. Thus it is necessary for

Benchmar Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Benchmar Exercise - Essay Example The student also attacked the demerit system utilized in the college. This is because it is unfair for a student to be sanctioned based on incorrect information or perception. In April 2014, one female student called Samantha Field wrote an online article that accused the college of failing to give her adequate support after a rape incident within the college premises. The Haredi College was established in 2001 in Jerusalem. The college was mainly targeted for the ultra-Orthodox public. The college is mainly managed by Adina Bar-Shalom, the daughter of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef. But the college has experienced several controversial issues. Recent media information illustrates that the college is about to be closed, due to approximately $1.7 million debt. Several other Heredi colleges are experiencing financial challenges; for instance, Lander College that has filed for bankruptcy, and Makor HaMayanot. The Ministry of Education in Israel gave the responsibility of financial management at the college, to an accounting

Graduating a Specialized Institution in Pursuing Career Ambitions of Personal Statement

Graduating a Specialized Institution in Pursuing Career Ambitions of Becoming a Dentist - Personal Statement Example Your institution, owing to its outstanding capacity in facilities and academic staff, for which it is internationally recognized, is my preferred choice as I intend to gain a high level of professional competence. Even though many environmental factors have influenced my choice of the course, my immediate objective in the undergraduate program is to establish a basis for a future career in dentistry. This will empower me to help my father in his established private practice. I, however, can only achieve this through a competent institution like yours. This is because my success the graduate school will determine my progress in developing a profession as well as my personal competence. Apart from my main objective of supporting and expanding my father’s practice, I aim at using my attained academic qualification and professional position to benefit society as my future part-time activity. For example, I intend to share my gained knowledge, which I shall in future expansion through higher levels of education, with students in academic institutions through lecturing. It is similarly my desire to be a role model to the youth and the entire society, as I have been to my younger brother, and to encourage them to do good things. In order to achieve these goals however, I need to first develop my career to become an influential member of the society. I believe that I can achieve this only through your institution. I also wish to communicate my competence to complete the program within the institution’s schedule. This is because I have resources, in terms of finances and time, to complete the course. My academic background also guarantees my ability to complete the course due to my average grade of 3.19 out of 4.0 ‘GAP’ and a score of 24 in my ‘ACTs’.

Can This Bookstore Be Saved Essay Example for Free

Can This Bookstore Be Saved Essay The internet has brought an end to most brick and mortar locations of book stores and have changed the ways that book publishers market and sell their books. Publishers had to change the way they allocate printed books as well as beginning to release books as apps in order to change the ways that books are sold and open up to a wider audience. Paper books would create a bigger profit but do not sell as well as e-books. Book stores either had to adapt to the change or ultimately meet their end. Book stores had to reach to selling e-books and e-readers in order to maintain their sales. BN as well as book publishers are changing their business model to deal with the internet and e-book technology by increasing the features which they offer to their clientele. They are constantly upgrading the r-readers they provide and increasing the functionality of their e-books. Also they are looking to cater to the college student for their text book needs. 3. Yes BN’s new strategy will be successful. I feel that their new strategy will be successful because they are not appealing to more people especially college students that will repeatedly need to purchase or rent textbooks. As with new features they allow people to do more things even though some people may never use them the younger demographic would more than likely be drawn to those new features. 4. I feel that BN and publishers should be giving people more of a preview of the books to stimulate more business. With e-books it is harder to just impulse buy one because you cannot hold the book in your hand and read a few pages to see if you have a true feel for the book. The weaknesses   within Facebooks privacy policies and features are the fact they want you to share as much information as possible but they make your information openly readily available to anyone if you do not know how to go through all of Facebooks settings. They do not automatically protect your account and do not easily give you the information to do so. The factors that contribute to those weaknesses is the lack of information given to consumers, they do not tell you how your information will be used, the difficulty involved with updating how your information is shared and the fact they do not ask your permission for images. The way in which Facebook currently conducts business I do not think they can have a successful business model without invading privacy. I feel like they make the most of their business exploiting people’s privacy and their lack of knowledge with how to change their privacy settings. The only way I feel that they can make it successful would be to educating the people that use facebook to take the proper measures to make sure their information is not shared without their approval.

Technological Advances: A Global Village

Technological Advances: A Global Village 1 Introduction of assignment The transformation of this world due to technological advances is making it global village. (McLuhan, 1999) in the past three decades, many governments set for free market system and their economy abilities and opportunities have attracted international business to invest in their economies. Even there are more results of globalization related to these economies. There are many efforts made by all governments in the world to the elimination of restrictions on business and trade. Many have provided their people with waste choice in goods, services and other sectors throughout the continents. With new opportunities it is expansion of global business that has benefited all industries and sectors. There is development of new companies and business with many other partners in foreign markets. This lead system to an international trade and business. There are now new businesses and structures which can make more profits from this economic globalization. There are many universally accepted benefits with this globalization now days. Technology is one of major cause that drivers globalization and it had transformed human social and economic life in a way which giving both consumers and businesses new way to discover economic opportunities. There is much with consumer needs and choices that been developed with this global business. There is lot with the value of your choices and needs. Well understanding of economic trends in all parts of the world is result of this change and can easily be transferred to shape up better life in human society with the funds and goods now available to all countries. There are many commercial and economic benefits for all partners in this way from transactions, mergers and acquisitions that now become commonplace issues. All we can thanks to this positive effects that globalization have contributed in human life by increase in employment, cash flows, cultural, trade and other external unfolding in this wa y. There are also environmental and social issues from awareness to actions among masses of this world. However as it is said that there can be two sides that every coin have, same is with globalisation as we see some negative due to this globalization. There can be lot of debate over this issue of advantage and disadvantage of globalization, we find many anti-globalisation protest especially global economic forum is famous for such protest every year. Yet it is very difficult make a conclusion that wither it is a blessing or it is a curse for world. We in this particular study will focus on the concepts of globalization, we will also see into the advantage and disadvantage of globalisation. We will try to find how businesses use to manage this trend of globalization based on their activities for any new market. At some point we will make analysis about the entrance of Toyota in the UK market. 2 Globalization as Phenomenon Globalization is controversial term in itself; while there can be lots of opinions about this. The world have witnessed many advantages to this phenomenon of the globalization. We are also seeing many ill effects or demerits of globalisation especially the trends and behaviours that harming environment on large scale. The concept says that globalisation is phenomenon lead by technological advancements and advancements in transportation that making work a smaller village. Globalisation is result of scientific advancements in communications and transportation means. It had turned the world of business a rapidly changing and growing world. Many poor economies have gained lot and with much better speed with this global trend on business. Today one can travel a start business in other corner of the world with better speed and growth. Globalisation has raised the human living standards and it had helped many poor economies to get advance with speed. There is also believe that it have benef itted only the multinational businesses not the people. It is also said that it had made high up damage to local cultures and businesses. All the small firms operating locally have to suffer from this trend that is reason many local governments sometimes discourage global companies in their areas to start a new business because they want to save local business and markets. (Robock, 1989) this has lead to many questions about the future of this globalization as there are many such ambiguities that are related with it. We will be looking at some aspects in this study like is globalisation good or it is bad? What are cultural implications of this? There are many questions that cannot be covered here like what impacts globalisation making over social and religious traditions? There is needed to make this phenomenon a balanced one to get more benefits for businesses and societies. We can find many answers related to business expansion and global economy. 2.1 Business Globalization Globalization of businesses like all other a thing in globalisation is happening and it is taking world economy, world politics and global culture. (Hill, 2007)This included the expansion of markets and business throughout the world. In business main objective lies with profits and profits come with margins between price and cost of production or through large scale selling. There are more benefits for both consumers and business men with global expansion of business. The companies going into global markets need to make changes according to local markets to get attraction from customers to buy their products or services. These new expansions of global businesses and communication have created a new global business culture over the world. 2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Globalization of business There is lot of debate over the advantages and disadvantages of the global markets and businesses. There much in written and talked form over every platform about this. There is need to look into these things to do a good justice to this study. In coming study we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of the Take a look at the following advantages and disadvantages of global marketing. There is different situation with different companies around globe. There are certain advantages and disadvantage at same time for globalisation of business. Advantages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduction in marketing costs: If we look at amounts of marketing for global business it looks huge but if you compare it with unit costs or costs relating profits then its reduced from the costs that were being made for local businesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global levels: in its scope a global business have wide global level of markets that can generate more earnings through sustainability of demands over the periods and in new markets as business expands. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brand images: Now a day growing global marketing makes easy for businesses to make a static image that can be spread over the continents through different markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Smart Ideas: global businesses are able to make use of the marketing their ideas to have a strategy about products that can be very smart in its way to generate more profits through these innovative ideas on a major global scale. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ uniformity: Throughout the world companies have kind of uniform approach related to their business that helps in monitoring and developing business with less efforts. Disadvantages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Need of consumer: An American consumer have different choice from consumer in South Africa that costs companies lots of money to make such adjustments. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Consumer Reactions: Consumers in different part of world have very different reaction to things that sometimes costs lots of losses to businesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local product: It is allowable for some product to get adjust for example for a Japanese with kind of traditional, and for an American some modern aspect related to product. This need different strategy and technology to deal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local Laws: policies of the company must be in accordance to local laws of their countries. May be laws abroad may be conflicting in these policies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Disputes: infrastructure sometimes brings disputes in the industry and with authorities that always costs to businesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wealth concentration: This is believed that globalisation is concentrated with wealth seeking activities and its major focus is not development and welfare but profit seeking. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the income gaps: It has produced lot of gapes between the developed and underdeveloped countries. 2.3 Culture of Global Business Should always be economic growth at the site of a unique cluster with a fleet of pool of skilled and educated workers. It had access to the depth of the market, or rather access to the last mile is always as conflict or challenge corporate world with some companies having advantages due to huge investments. Costly structure is the global challenges for economy and growth, but need for rethinks about value chain and activities that made distance and time irrelevant. Some companies has adopted with these challenges by the strategy used for this is flooding of money and men power that have set for talents and culture of discipline it also have enhanced the capacities and skills of the labour. This global innovation is quite mixed deeply to the organizational of culture as it is based on multi-talented that make advantage for companies. Thus there is chance of integration of cultures and local knowledge with a wide range of global things to make things work fast and better way. The world today, and technology flourish because of the Indian information technology experts. Are imported motorcycles Bajaj and Kawasaki today face to face with Harley Davidson, BMW and Honda. It is estimated that today there are about 3000 Challenger at the global level. These companies will be a force to be reckoned with because they simplifiers, adopters, Interpreters and drive to succeed and survive in the coming days. They should be able to compete on the basis of the competitors time to a new model for the success of companies in this new trading environment where it competes with everyone and everyone from everywhere. (Gitman, 2008) This could become a competition based on time if and only if they can provide greater value to many times on the model more flexible than the competitor, whether it is another competitor or global giant. These companies need to understand the value of the proposal that the client is looking for and make then make their products according to this value by looking at the client. This pricing on the basis of the value in the case of these companies are looking for and why you should do.These rivals at the same time and some of the strategies in place to surprise their rivals. 2.4 Global projects and Project management Global project management putts set of challenges regardless the business physical locations or regions and time. There are many cultural issues that can go beyond simple things of language and time differences. There are many issues related to management, efficiency and reporting. All big organizations have global business these days and the managers at headquarters have to manage with difficulties and differences of all these countries and their cultures. There must be best options on table for effective management either it is based on communication or geographical diversity. There can be projects that face with cultural barriers at the start but with adopting a successful multi-cultural level team that suits the local systems these can be covered. It is significant to be familiar with minor diversity that can appear later as enough thing to influence the outcome of any project. For example if distance of countries is not more than they can have a cultural similarity like UK and Spain. But if it can be like United UK and Australia that have distance but similar cultures. But if they have different culture and distance that can bring problem for establishment of effective teams and results for a company. These assumptions can be incorrect, experience has shown that almost always from any one of the following differences will affect the project, and these differences should not be administered properly. 1: identify the difference 2: Language difference 3: Time Difference 4: cultural difference 2.5 Key elements for starting New Business in Markets A) Research Details on the environment through any legal agent, also get the knowledge of history. In your case the other party and to check on things get as much information as possible. Whatever you think your customers will see their case as. There are all mediation and efficiently for our clients to negotiate certain techniques. Theres some kind of guidance before going into business should be. ) Proper communication b While e-mail, telephone or other appropriate tools to communicate in day to day, also weekly conference calls and commitments should be scheduled for more progress and enable open discussion about the issues. C) Business Expectations At the beginning of the project report should determine the frequency form. It is likely that the local level and the global need for various reports D) address cultural issues This is a two-way (or more) process to make sure that all teams hope to understand each others point of view. If necessary, the different cultures to conduct the investigation cost, quality and status of different areas such as time should be estimated. Can be also found at different locations culture references, but the difference in skills. E) lack of recognition While not listening to the local teams at the same time the global project team members such as lack of respect for personal obligations, the director works much excitement in the region is likely to result in the negative. Instead, the day when all members are available and the decision as a conference call or regularly for updates on the report, a general order for the report within the time limit should be. 2.6 Development of international team i) motivating teams The global project manager to understand what motivates a variety of teams is important. Quickly and make your team members with the key to honest discussions can connect. Level, this responsibility also lies at the local level should determine. Progress ii) Monitoring There project when it is not possible to assess the progress a few steps. For example, when there is work and the completion of the first group depend on each other based on the progress made in two types of packages. Building trust and loyalty between international teams and local communities, and ensure reporting completely honest and gives an accurate picture of progress. iii) Regular response Project manager is always work to clearly define expectations for all the world should provide a detailed proposal. Failure to do so that misunderstandings and poor work due to the fact that not all team members located in the same location will be exacerbated to can lead to. 2.7 Trade Control Tasks of a) Distribution Where possible, teams of expertise most appropriate for use with each task. Communication with all teams to explain the reasoning task assigned to the cost benefits where appropriate, analysis using the ill feeling between the teams to prevent. B) dependency management Should be based on the skills available in one place and work groups should be allowed to manage. When possible, dependencies, deadlines, do not plan very carefully and detailed the relevant features are required to document the objectives and results C) global stakeholders management Stakeholders to identify and relatively clear, but large and complex projects to the expectations of stakeholders in the analysis is not the world. And different agendas and competition between different groups, and these relationships should be managed as a whole in the world to reduce the impact on the success of the project. 2.8 Task Distribution Exchange must agree on the overall level of requirements for any request, after we consult with all stakeholders. Allstakeholders schedule and local level by the overall level before agreeing to the impact on budget and authorized MustAssess any changes. ) I determine the purpose Despite the risks inherent in each project must be, andmitigation should be in place, we work for the overall project requirements and deadlines allcategories understand and, more importantly, it would be all AcceptableTo all teams should fare. And then become a reality reduce the likelihood of any threat to. ii) Mediation Two parties with one another are among atwar a way to dispose of. In mediation, you always use alternative dispute resolution Someform arbitration to settle disputes amicablyBetween andpicks parties to use the technology. Dialogue between the parties solve the correction based on gold approprià ©e. All parties generally must be see shed, an honest broker, and we should carefully consult history and often suspect. Tosettle mediate conflicts and disputes resolution broker, commercial technology, and legal as well familyissues, and use of personal diplomacy, and in the workplace Toyota 3 cases Toyota also in the United Kingdom is 21, which is still in the development world and new transport and production solutions while respecting and protecting the global environment to address the challenges of achievement leads. Toyota Motor Corporation Established in 1919, and the clothes are interested in the theory advanced loom on the horizon for building. Today, Toyota is a truly global business, worldwide manufacturing of vehicles in factories on six continents and over a quarter of a million people directly to work. 160 to market their products are sold worldwide. Europe as part of a wider strategy, the companys production center is built here: Introduction Toyota, near Derby, Burnaston, in the heart of global manufacturing plant, a company that has grown in 70 years, the largest supplier has become the worlds third largest producer of car engines in Deeside. (Toyota, 2010) The second is in North Wales. Powered by Toyota Manufacturing UK (TMUK), they present surplus of  £ 1.7 billion investment represents. Burnaston new Toyota Avensis, which began in the spring of 2003, only center for the production. It also creates three versions and five-door Toyota Corolla. In 2002, Europes most important car manufacturer Toyota and efficiency in an independent survey in 2003 another came in Burnaston has announced that production on the clock to take an unprecedented step to launch a third daily shift start there will. Deeside already working on a three shift pattern, both gasoline and diesel engines for the new Avensis and Corolla built. (Toyota, 2010) also makes engine parts to Toyota factories around the world, Turkish and French exports to other countries including South America. United Kingdom, and Europes second largest for new cars Toyota and Lexus models 2002.Sales, which together represent about five percent of total sales equal to 133 500 to more than 2 .5 million registered with the market. Toyota Lexus and Toyota with 17 and six models of any plant in the United Kingdom offers a broad range of products. Britains fourth-largest source of the car, and Toyota in manufacturing key and influential role in the country. Toyota personal transport solution for the construction of continuous production and have been working can be effective and that are looking to the future. Company heavier compounds and technologies that address the issue of environmental concerns and diminishing resources have been invested in development. His work in the UK, with the creation of high quality environmental impact of vehicles to meet all the demands of motorists today by reducing the Toyota clearly its commitment to future success. Toyota is still the British government and the automotive industry as a whole on a wide range of issues affecting their agencies working together, especially in the campaign for cleaner and more efficient solutions, and Transp ortation seems to manufacturing. United Kingdoms main market, both in terms of sales and building a new Toyota Prius Of world production of Toyota cars. (Toyota, 2010) Manufacturing production outside of Japan since 1959 when it opened its first factory in Brazil and abroad. Today 27 countries including Japan, the 58 factories, and construction of over one million six-year cars sold in different markets and 160 national. Toyota car production in the United Kingdom is an important element of global manufacturing strategy. The companys theory that the cars where they are sold to local market needs of the building after completion. 1989 UK Manufacturing (TMUK) Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. based on the state line while in the state, paving the way for the first European car manufacturing process. 1992 Production begins in the mail with Kareena Burnaston factory and engine production begins in Deeside. E Kareena ends 1997 with production to replace the Avensis; TMUK export wins Queens Award. Avensis Corolla launched in 1998 with Burnaston production. Toyota Avensis first exports to Japan. Deeside production line Toyota RAV4 This has helped increase exports Toyota five levels in all parts of Europe as a producer in the United States to stabilize the situation continued strong sales performance: Toyota is now the largest exporter of cars manufactured in the United States fourth largest full- . TMUK are estimated production of 20 percent of the domestic market in exports, and the balance of Europe and the world (about 75 percent and five respectively) of the rest. Toyota has announced that the model is sent to the Avensis 36000 per year. More than six million vehicles in 2002 to build the global situation, Toyota Motor Corp., maker of cars occupied by the worlds third largest. Toyota 58 factories in 27 countries around the world is going on. All day, every day the equivalent of industrialization and the construction of a car every six seconds level. Marketing of Toyota vehicles in more than 160 countries around the world. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Toyota 50000000000 pounds more than the market, General Motors, Ford and DaimlerChrysler combined value of more value. Toyota Production System Toyota Motor Corporation and the early days of the companys founder Sakichi TOYODA motivation has its roots. Invented the horizon, which automatically stopped the emerging theme that is cut during the process if any. Toyota PLC (GB) United Kingdom Good marketing and sales strategies at the national level. All these departments have been working effectively with sales, marketing after sales service and customer relations. The Surrey Heath since 2001 in the new headquarters was near the Epsom. The headquarters has about 400 employees. There Grimsby Derby and the vehicles and logistics center is working efficiently. Toyota increased its sales in the United Kingdom continuously for 11 years had achieved a performance record. The fastest growing UK brand position. 4 Porters five forces We can make a study based on Porters five forces to know the competition levels in any industry which is working in this global environment. The industry should look at its large part to determine the business strategy and particularly growth strategy. (Hill, 2007) also on the basis that the economy is essential to this industry, and the possibility of profit is determined by the industry is very competitive interactions. That can be drawn where these interactions are intense, tend away from the profits of competing activities. Where light and competitors seem manageable, and the possibility of profit tends to be high. After making understanding of all main elements of competition in this industry is easy to look into things. Porter made identification of five fundamental forces which collectively illustrate the state of any business current or future destiny. a) Competition in the industry 1. What is the intensity of competition among competitors 2. Is there any threat of some new entrants to this market 3. What is level of bargaining power that suppliers have 4. What kind and level of bargaining customers have in the industry 5. What kind of alternative products are available as a threat These forces help to determine presence or absence of opportunities that can be there for industry or company to gain high returns. As the porter five forces are weaker for some company it have chance to get more opportunity in the business to make higher growth and profits. More generally understanding is about forces that how these affect competition within the industry and these then determine position of company and its strategy options in future. b) Consequences for Toyota i) The threat of entrants (Very high) ii) Power suppliers (Very Low) iii) Threat of substitutes (Very high) iv) Power of buyers (low) v) Threat Rivalry (high) 5 Conclusion Companies in the current environment need strategies at the global level since their starts of the work and for any new launch in business. There is needed to look for the growth at the highest international level and there should be measures that are necessary to control major declines in business. There is need to avoid stagnation in one area of world that makes unequal growth of development. There is need for SMART as specific, measureable, achievable, right and time bound strategies to survive in this global business environment. We can see how Toyota and Skoda making things moving in their favour by diversity of strategies. There is always need for a good global image. All businesses need to find ways to keep pace with this growing global economy and competition in the markets.

Importance of Training and Evaluation in Organisations

Importance of Training and Evaluation in Organisations INTRODUCTION: In the past several years human resource management become quite popular. Human Resource management is a very important internal part of an organisation. It has many functions like recruitment and selection, human resource development, reward and performance and management development. Skilled and developed employees are main strength of organisations success. Companies are willing to recruit skilled and talented people. But it is a short sighted approach for long term success. As mentioned above, in recent years of companies and organisations have realised importance of training and development. They are focusing on continuous improvement and learning through training and development in organisation. But for that employees are need to choose wisely. This part is related to recruitment and selection process. So HR manager need to choose people with the potential to learn more. Many organisations encourage employees to participate in training and development programme to learn the sys tematic knowledge in depth. Now it is realized that if there are more opportunities of development for employees, so that they stay committed longer to the organisation. Such motivated, experienced and trained staffs bring better organisation performance. Thats how organisation can produce best product or services that bring more customer satisfaction and more sales which ends in more profit. It also supports employee in participating training and development programme and thus, it increases job engagement of the employee to the organisation. Organisations definitely will gain more productivity from skilled and trained employees rather than non trained employees. Trained and engaged employees are motivated employees. Skilled and motivated employees are high performing employees. That is how employer and employee both can get benefit from training and development programme. (Beardwell Claydon, 2007) 2. STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT: This project focuses on human resource development. Main objective of this project is to explain the importance of training evaluation in an organisation. Training evaluation is the one of the crucial part of training process. But first we need to know, why training evaluation needed? From the beginning it is a key topic for most of the trainers. When, training and development do not give the required results than it can be very much harmful for the organisation. It can de-motivate the learners and can seriously damage their reputation. That is why training evaluation has been introduced. So that by evaluating training, trainers can get expected results. It also helps to make any appropriate changes where it is required. It gives the confidence to the trainer by providing result of that they are doing a good job. (Thorne K. Mackey D. 2007) HRM features create more importance when it is attached to strategic integration. It is more concerned to link the HRM issues into strategic planes. Strategic Human Resource Development (SHRD) is for giving the clear vision about employees abilities and potential to operate within the strategic framework of the business. New learning and development strategies are created under SHRD to achieve business goals. Training evaluation is needed to ensure that, is SHRD attaining the business goals or not? The main objective of SHRD is to enhance resources with the belief that firms employees are a major source of competitive advantage. It is more focused on intellectual capital, ensuring that are there right quality of employees available to meet the present and future needs. By creating a learning environment in which employees are encouraged to learn and develop to match the employability of outside and inside of organisation, should be one of its concerns. Michael Armstrong (2009) has hi ghlighted the philosophy of SHRD. HRD makes a major contribution to successfully achieve firms goals, investment in the benefits to the stakeholders of the organisation. HRM planes and programmes should be interact with and support to achieve the goals of business and HRM. Everybody in the organisation should be encouraged and given opportunity to learn and develop their skills and knowledge. In SHRD there should be a focus on self managed learning and support by coaching, training and monitoring. As we have seen learning, training, development and education are the elements of HRD. Learning should be distinguished from training. Therefore, organisations need to monitor their training programmes. (Armstrong M. 2009) From Baron J. Kreps D. (2005), now firms do not show training as a cost for the employee but as an investment. They said that, it is important to measure the training. By giving some examples, they argued about how it is difficult to measure of performance improvement. Therefore, evaluation is more likely to be considered as a capital investment of training. Trainer and trainee both should undergo from evaluation process. The result of this process will give better understanding about performance improvement. Making changes where necessary in training will provide great help in the integration with business strategies. According to Armstrong (1999) training evaluation is important to evaluate training in order to assess its effectiveness. It is important to know what ever training is provided to the employees; does it really help them in their work? Because, lot of time, effort and money spend to train employees. That is why Hamblin said any attempt to obtain information (feedback) on the effects of a training programme and to assess the value of the training in the light of that information. It is an integral feature of training. It gives the answer to the question of how far the training has achieved its purpose. Training evaluation makes sure that, the given training was investment rather than expense. RESEARCH MATHODOLOGY: All the data is gathered by secondary sources. Most of the data is collected from books. Some of the journals have been referred for adequate knowledge of the research report. Electronic source is the main source of gathering the relevant data. Both qualitative and quantitative data been gathered for the proposed research report. A case study has taken is supporting Kirkpatricks model. It provides the brief detail of how to make evaluation in training. (Bhattacharya, 2006) KIRKPATRICS TRAINING EVALUATION THEORY: To understand training evaluation, Kirkpatrick has introduced four level of training evaluation. Donald Kirkpatrick was president of the American Society of Training and Development in 1975. Reaction: Reaction evaluation is how the trainee felt, and their personal reaction to the training or learning experience. It is a feedback forms on training experience. Verbal reaction can also be noted and analysed. It can be done by post training surveys and questionnaires. Feedback form, which can be filled or verbally given to the manager. It contains personal feeling type questions, like did the trainees like and enjoys training? Did they consider the training relevant? Was it a good use of their time? Did they like the timing and the place of training? It is easy to do. It can be done immediately after completion of training. Easy to obtain reaction feedback. Easy to analyse. Not much expensive to gather all the data and for analyse. It become very helpful to know the primary questions like trainees were not unhappy or disappointed with training. Analyser has to assume that all the feedbacks are genuine. If it is than most of the feedbacks may be similar. Learning: Learning evaluation is the measurement knowledge from before and after learning experience. It can be done by doing assessment tests before and after training. Interview and observation can also be used instead of assessment test. Assessment test need to be closely related to the aims of learning. Measuring the test can be easy in g group rather than individual. Hard-copy, electronic, online or interview style assessment are types of gathering learning evaluation data. From the data, it is easy to figure out, did the trainee learn what every he intended to taught? Did the trainee experience what intended to experience in training? It is more time consuming and costly in compare to reaction evaluation. It only shows that how much knowledge h As trainee has. It doesnt shows that how much learning applied at the workplace. Behaviour: Behaviour evaluation in which trainees applied the learning and change their behaviour. This can take some time to change their behaviour it might take several weeks or months after the training. The main objective of behaviour evaluation is to find did trainees put their learning into effect? Are they using the relevant skill which has been taught? Is there any change in their activities while working? How is their performance? Is the trainee aware of the changing behaviour? Is the trainee trying to transfer their learning in others or not? As behaviour evaluation is an important evaluation process amongst the other processes. Observation need to done at certain level of training. Assessment test is not suitable in this because each trainee will take his own time to put his learning into effect. Assessment can be done only by suitable analysis tools. Judgement, observation or interviews are the best possible way to measure the impact of training. A flexible way, like 360 degree feedback is useful method for measuring the effect. It is less easy to measure the change in compare to learning behaviour. Cooperation and skills of observers are most important in this evaluations process. Analysers need to be very much accurate and experience in judging trainees behaviour. Behaviour evaluation should take place in some time duration during the training. So it depends on evaluators vision to see behaviour pattern, which can be varies amongst different evaluator. The support of line managers and trainers are essential in this evaluation process. Involving them from the beginning of the training would definitely beneficial for further assessments. Results: Result evaluation is the measurement of effect on the business or environment after the training. The main objective in this evaluation process is to find results or performance indicators like; sales, volumes, quality, timescale return on investment, performance, turnover, failure, wastage, achievements, accreditations, growth, retention etc,. Many of these measures can be done by other management systems and reporting. It can be found by how trainees inputs are affecting the performance after training. Commonly trainees are informed about the expected level of performance which needs to be achieved by the end of training. It requires simple links with the training inputs. Failure with this can reduce the chances of getting accurate results at the end. Result evaluation is particularly not difficult. It can be done by using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Targets can be set down with the use of this evaluation process. While doing the result evaluation, analyser needs to consider the external factors of environment which are affecting the performance of organisation. This can be good or bad. So the analysers have to be realistic towards the situation. (Kirkpatrick 2007) I think Kirkpatricks model gives foundation level knowledge to evaluators. There is a need to extend these levels. The four levels are over simplified. They do not consider the dynamic changes in the environment and in the organisation. By not considering the training environment, trainer will give a false training evaluation. Although the trainee is well trained, still he is not efficient as others. To find out such problem training programme need to consider the cultural and ethical factors. It is also missing the determination of usefulness and availability of organisational resources. Yes it is true that this model is very much useful during the training session. Minor problems with the trainees can be rectified and necessary steps can take to improve training programme. Thereafter it is not much useful. For more accurate result of training evaluation Philip has introduced ROI theory of training evaluation. It is also considered as a fifth level of Kirkpatricks model. Kaufmans five levels of evaluation: Roger Kaufman has introduced five level of evaluation by using the Kirkpatricks four levels. His evaluation model level includes addressing the viability of various resources and inputs necessary for successful interventions by adding social and client responsiveness with the consequences of payoffs. According to him, evaluation needs to consider both within and outside of organisation. His view of evaluation is broader than Kirkpatrick. He said that training is the only performance improvement so evaluator needs to see the contribution to performance inside as well as outside of the organisation. He showed the fifth level which is mega level. It is societal contribution, which is missing from Kirkpatricks framework. The mega level aims on societal usefulness like health, continuous profit, pollution level, safety. It concerns more for the future. Like what will be effect of it in the future market. Other levels are shown in the following table: The mentioned table shows the suggested levels of Kaufmans theory. He is making critics on the first level, that Kirkpatrick is not involving resource availability. Level two is considered as an assessment type. It focuses on training implementation. Level three is performance based. Identify the changes due to training. Fourth level is common in both. It includes performance improvement, cost benefits such as timely and quality output. If I put it in a simple way, Kaufmans five levels are interlinked with business strategy. It is a useful model for Strategic Human Resource Development. By considering all the environmental factors evaluator can give more accurate result. The quality of result is richer that simple evaluation result. (Kaufman R, Keller J Watkins R. 1996) CIRO METHOD OF TRAINING EVALUATION: War, Bird and Rackham introduced four level of approach called CIRO. Context: It checks back to the basics of training. It considers the environment within which training took place. Employer need to look the original methods for training and development. Employer need to check and analyse the information to identify specific needs. Input: This evaluation decides the best method of delivery. It takes into account of employees selection process, employee material and the level of involvement at workplace. By determining the accuracy of the input will increase the success of overall evaluation. Reaction: Reaction is not much different from Kirkpatricks behaviour evaluation. It evaluates the nature of employee and measure the reaction from learning. This can be useful to evaluate quality of employees. Outcome: It is the final evaluation to check the changes in employees at the workplace. It is easier to evaluate if results are numeric. Outcome is to check that how far training has transferred employees by measuring their performance. Warr, Bird and Rackham made a critic on Kirkpatricks four levels of evaluation. They said that this process may not always produce genuine, meaningful and long-term results. The parameters which Kirkpatrick looking to evaluate training are limited. It is not considering the firms overall ability to perform. CIRO model is requires more detailed analyses of an organisation. There are many factors that will affect training. So this evaluation model takes more time than Kirkpatricks model. (Thackwray B. 1997) ROI TRAINING EVALUATION THEORY: Jack Phillips has introduced ROI evaluation theory. It is also known as Jack Philips five level ROI model. As mentioned above training is considered as investment in people. ROI is the best match for this sentence. According to Philip, there are six trends which have increased the use of ROI. The increasing amount of training and development are pressuring for more accountability in business. Competitive strategies are linked with training and development, management are always eager to measure the contribution of training programme. Other programmes do not give as accurate result as ROI. Therefore many times programme sponsors have requested to for ROI justification. Including all the other functions, training and development is required for continues development and to hold the position in competition. Therefore many support efforts are taken for it. From the perspective of top executives in large number of organisation required ROI information. Trainers are now taking interest in justifying their contribution in training and development. So they increased their interest in ROI. ROI theory cannot be directly applied. For this there is a need of a classic model like Kirkpatricks model. Then the result should be taken for ROI such as turnover, quality improvement, productivity or cost reduction. To get the accurate ROI all programmes should be compared to cost implementation in order to value the investment. That is why ROI theory is called as a fifth stage of Kirkpatricks evaluation theory. On the other hand, this model requires final results. Only then evaluator can able to use this model. There isnt any more research need to be done if desired result can obtain, but if the results are wrong then evaluator need to go back to the basics. ROI is not a proper method to evaluate training. Because there are lot of qualitative aspects related to it. Use of ROI is just to check the returns on investment. This technique is more favourable to investors rather than evaluators. The ROI formula is the annual net programme benefits divided by programme costs. Where else the net benefits are the mandatory value of the benefit minus the cost of the programme. The ROI formula is as follows: (Philips 1996) CASE STUDY: A case study taken from journal of workplace learning. The aim of training is to give knowledge and leadership skills to the managers. The test was conduct on two groups of manager and supervisors of large municipal organisation. Both the groups are divided in 27 people. One group was undergoing from the training, while the other one is untrained. So the result will reflect the clear difference between both the groups. The data is evaluated by Kirkpatricks four levels of evaluation method. Candidates age, seniority, experience level and educational knowledge were almost identical. Reaction: Reaction was measured by a short questionnaire. 16 questions were given with from five scales from bad to excellent. The reaction training and the trainers were positive in general. The main result fallen under the other three levels. Suggestions were gathered to improve aspect of training facility. However, reaction is necessary, but not enough for a high quality evaluation. It is to measure that training is reaching the intended goals or not. Knowledge: It is to measure the aspects of effective leadership and management skills, measured by multiple choice questions. The results were remarkable. Candidates demonstrate a significant growth in knowledge. This will help managers to reach higher level of knowledge than untrained managers. The training apparently gets successful in this theoretical knowledge. Even somehow, this result was putting pressure to untrained managers to perform better. Behaviour: Managers behaviour is noticed after providing the adequate knowledge. Leadership behaviour had been discussed during the training. The present frequency compared with before training frequencies. The result was again showing positive indication. After training, a significant change been noticed. The behaviour toward leadership skills was higher in compare to untrained group of managers. The proposed result showed the increase in leadership behaviour is doubled that before from the gathered numbers. Result: Final result is showing the long term analyses of improved productivity, quality of product and processes, lower sickness and absence rate. The result is in two parts: self evaluation and evaluation by others. Both parts are showing positive result which is supporting the hypotheses, for long term effectiveness. But obvious it is often difficult to prove a causal link between training and long term effects. There are several factors like age, boredom from same kind of work, changing nature of human and other environmental factors effect it. This method cant be predicting the future, it just to measure the current performance. Further research gives the idea, for long term result a 360-degree evaluation should be more accurate than Kirkpatricks four level evaluation methods. Overall result showed the gap between trained managers and untrained managers. Step by step evaluation is giving the improvement in managers skills and knowledge. Training main objective was achieved. However, Kirkpatricks model is not giving accurate results. Further research need to done in this case. Individual evaluation between trained managers will give more accurate result than groups. For that, Philips ROI method, kaufmans five level and CIRO evaluation methods need to introduce. However, the candidates are almost identical as the case says. So, there wont be much difference in result. (Steensma H. 2010) As mentioned in the training proposal, training means investment in people to enable them to perform better and to empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities. It is very much important to improve employees skill which results better quality product or a high level of customer services. (Armstrong, 1999). RATIONAL: I would like to describe one of my own experiences regarding training and training evaluation. A few months back when I was working with an AGIES BPO as a customer care executive. My job task is very much related to a salesman. At the time of joining the company. Trainers have provided brief training regarding my work. After few month of working there was not much improvement in my work. My sales figures were low and I was staying away from reaching my goals. Considering my efforts companys trainer suggested me to participate in the further training programme which was called as PIP (Performance Improvement Programme). In this programme trainers had provided through training regarding my work. They provide me basics for the working tasks and advance techniques also. As my work was technical work, I have to give assessment test on each end of the day. At end of very first of PIP, a verbal interview has taken place where, trainer took the interview. It does include some simple question s like how are you feeling about training? Did you understand the concept? Do you know your way getting out of the problem? Assessment test were taken after each session, it was regarding the technical issues. The evaluation of training is going as per Kirkpatricks four level of evaluation pattern. Behaviour pattern has been marked as well. The taught soft skill in sales helps me to respond well in communication and the technical training helped me in doing my work easy and quickly. After the end of my training, I have been called for the face to face interview for measuring my learning and how well I can able to put it into practice. After that I was feeling like confidence enough to work with my full productivity as well as I was teaching some of the technical skills to my juniors. This is how training changed my way of working. At the end of the month I have achieved my sales targets without any problem. The results were showing the significant changes of training programme. CONCLUSION: Although the above mentioned discussion showed that how training and training evaluation is helpful for organisations own benefits and employees can also improve their own performance. It builds a moral interest in staff development. Future train programme can be determined by training evaluation. Training evaluation can also rectify the mistakes done in training programme and can build a new programme. Most important for an organisation, training programmes make the business stands in market. Changing culture, technology and ethics influence an organisations work place. To understand its effect and to cope with the competition there is an urgent requirement of training, and to ensure the training is going in right path, it becomes a necessity to do training evaluation. Training evaluation take part in most of the organisation. The above mentioned training evaluation theories are the key to analyse training and its effectiveness. Better working environment with well train ed workers can lead the organisation to high level. This can be helpful to gain more market share and better reputation among competitors and customers. Therefore it is not wrong to say that training evaluation is a vital part for an organisation. But it is not always because of the training. There are some cases when training is not enough to improve productivity regardless the evaluation is showing the uprising performance. As seen above, strategic human resource development is essential in developing business strategies. SHRD enables learning cycle. It creates a chain of continuous improvement. Measuring the evaluation and apply changes with that, can formulate flexible development strategy. Sometimes, employees are not happy with management or not happy with the payment and reward system. If some employees are chosen for the wrong position to work than how will training affect his performance or behaviour of working? There might a mistake from selection and requirement section. If a person is not satisfied with his work than there is no way of getting trained him for the future. According to Druckman ET, al, (1997), it is found that training is not always worth. Training do not give satisfactory output in some cases, there is evident that training is not always successful. Application on learning on practical basis at job, amount of learning depends on conditions at workplace. As mentioned the above cases. One of the factors affecting training success is how much employees are interested in participating in training programs. Training is more effective in participation condition is not compulsory. Training programme should be voluntary. Other factor is co-operation from the managers. Supportive environment always influence result training and makes it more efficient in practise. REFERENCES: Armstrong M. (1999), Human Resource Management Practice, 7th edition, Kogan Page Limited. London. Armstrong M. (2009), Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action. 4th edition. Kogan Page. New Delhi. Baron J. Kreps D. (2005). Strategic Human Resources: Framework for General Managers. John Wiley Sons, Inc. USA. Beardwell J. Claydon T. (2007). Human Resource Management: a contemporary approach. 5th edition. Prentice Hall, England. Bhattacharya D.K. (2006), Research Methodology, 6th edition, Excel Books, New Delhi. Druckman D., Singer J.E. Van Cott H.P. (1997). Enhancing Organisational Performance. National Acedemy.USA. pp: 106-107. Kaufman R, Keller J Watkins R. (1996), What Work What Doesnt: Evaluation Beyond Kirkpatrick. Volume 35. Kirkpatrick D. (2007). The Four Levels of Evaluation. American Society for Training and Development. USA Philips J.J. (1996). Technical and skills training. [Online] available at: http://www.astd.org/NR/rdonlyres/D0BCF259-880D-4EEC-BF89-7F1B9A88F430/0/phillips.pdf. [Accessed: 27 April 2010] Steensma H. (2010), Evaluating the Training using the Four Level Model. Journal for Workplace Learning. Leiden University. [Online] available at: [Accessed 22 Aug 2010]. Thackwray B. (1997), Effective Evaluation of Training and Development in Higher Education. Kogan Page, London. Thorne K Mackey D (2007). Everything you ever needed to know about training. Kogan Page Ltd, USA.

Frankenstien Prose Study Assignment GCSE Snglish Language and Literature Course Work :: essays research papers

Look at the significance of chapter five to the novel as a whole. Focus on the relevance and effect of the writer’s use of language to describe setting, character and what it shows about social and historical influences. Frankenstien the gothic novel written by mary shelley. The novel was written when mary was only 18 years old. The novel starts with Captain on a ship sailing north of the Arctic. The ship was then unable to move due to the ice. Shortly after his men spot a man travelling towards the ship. We later find out that this is Victor Frankenstein's monster. Shortly after he sees the ill and worn out Victor Frankenstein himself. Victor is then invited onto the boat. (Shelly uses this to start the story) This is when victor starts to retell his story. From a young age victor had loved science and he then had a feddish for electricity. The set off to the story and build of a persn comes for the saddness inside of victor. Victor was scarred by the loss of his mother, he lost her through child birth. Shortly after he left his family in Geneva, to study in Ingolstadt. Where he studies modern science. Victor has many ideas for the future. He sets about constructing a man. He used the best parts from the most beautiful and the most intellergent people that he could find. However, this turns around later in the novel when everything doesn’t go how victor had planned. He put all his energy and time into building this creature. He amagined it to be beautiful, but in chapter 5 when it awakens he is disgusted. Chapter five is the main turning point in the novel as this is when Victor find out the true horror of the monster. Victor then finds this revolting and tries to run away but her is mentaly scarred by this. With Shock and overwork Victor takes ill for several months. About a year later he receives news informing him of the murder of his youngest brother William. At this point Victor just nows that this was the monster. He is extremely upset by this and has a lot emotions but he sets off to find the monster. After arriving home he finds that the family's maid was framed for the murder. Despite the guilt that Victor was feelings he thought it was best not to tell anyone about his creation.

The Role of Counseling :: essays papers

The Role of Counseling A study performed in 1992, reported approximately 3,400,000 youth had failed to complete high school and were not enrolled in high school (Starr 1998). This statistic is based on the United States where job competition has greatly increased due to technology. Many of these student lacked the support and training necessary to succeed in today’s society. Currently in every high school across the nation, there is a person responsible for offering support and training to the youth of America. Available for all students is a guidance counselor. Counselors within the high school setting play an influential role in the forming of post high school goals through the planning of numerous activities. Education Week reported in the â€Å"Metropolitan Life Survey of the American Teacher 2000† that seventy-one percent of students state their post-high school plans as a four-year college (Eduacation Week, 2000). The fact is seventy-five percent of Americans youth do not graduate from college (Starr, 1998). Due to the inconsistency of the reported statistics a counselor needs to advise each student in the direction that best suits them. This task is difficult considering the large number of students per counselor. Counselors are able to advise more students through planned activities (Ordsmyth, 2002). There is also the need to support students through the transitional stage between significant events. Preparing a student to enter a four-year college, two-year college, military or job force is crucial to their future success. Ways to Prepare the Student A guidance counselor is an important element in the formation of post high school plans. Counselors offer an outlet of information that should be used by all students. There are numerous ways for the counselor to approach post high school planning. One technique is the writing of an essay about their ideal school (Marthers, 1997). This idea was developed by, Paul Marthers, in hopes that conversation would be stimulated. A student involved in the college search should focus on their desires pertaining to college. A study by Nafziger, Holland and Gotffredon, in 1975, indicated the improbability of a student leaving a school that matches their personality type; therefore the importance of the college search is highlighted (Marthers, 1997). Starting the college search with a positive outlook will affect the entire process (Marthers, 1997). Goodnough and Ripley are also accredited with a technique beneficial to post- high school planning (1997).

Pow the Egg

A farmer is taking her eggs to the market in a cart, but she hits a Pothole, which knocks over all the containers of eggs. When she put the eggs in groups of two, three, four, five, and six there was one egg left over, but when she put them in groups of seven they ended up in complete groups with no eggs left over. Now she needs to know how many eggs she had and is there more than one possibility. The first thing I did was to read the pow aging on my own. I out when she put her eggs in groups of two there is one left over.The number cannot be a multiple of two. Also three four five and six can’t be a multiple of this number. If there were no eggs left over when put into groups of seven there must have been a multiple of 7 eggs. Now need to find multiples of seven. 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70,77, 84,91,98, 105,112,119,126,133,140,147 ,154,161,168,175,1 82 ,189,196 ,203 ,210, 217, 224, 231 ,238, 245, 252 ,259, 266, 273, 280,287,294,301 Then you cross out all the numbers that ar e divisible by 2,3,4,5, and 6.So I got161 and 301 as the numbers that cannot be multiples 2, 3,4,5,6. | 3 * 4 * 7 = 8449 + 84 = 133. No good. 133 is not good because it is not a multiple of 7133 + 84 = 217. No good. 217 because it is not a multiple of 7217 + 84 = 301. Good| | | I got 301 because you get a remainder of 1 for the numbers: 2,3,4,5 and 6. So the smallest number of eggs is 301. But there is other solution. But usually what you're looking for is the smallest solution, so 301 is probably the answer you want.One day a boy was going to the basketball court he had six sets of balls. When he was getting there he trip on a rock letting all the ball falling out the net. Now he needs to found out how many balls were in the nets. He know when he put the balls in groups two, three, four, five and six three was one ball left over, but when she put them in group of seven they end up a complete groups with no eggs left over. This problem was ok but kind of hard. If I got more help on it maybe I would have got a more understanding of the problem

Human Resources: Training and Development Essay

First, training programs that serve employees are beneficial because they have a proven value and added significance to companies. Employee orientation is one type of training. It is absolutely necessary for new employees in any organization. Without the orientation/training process many things can and do take place that are a risk and have negative impact to a company and to the new hire employee as well. In orientation type training, employees learn of benefit entitlements and the expectations that the company and departments set for their position. It gives the new hire employee a sense of pride in their work and in the organization as a whole. Informing an employee of the expectations in performance allows the employee to be successful in their position. There are various state and federal regulations that all companies must adhere to and remain in compliance with in order to remain lawsuit free. Sexual harassment is one negative behavior that is currently costing companies a lot of money in lost lawsuits. Training programs annually keep a constant reminder of the ways that this type of harassment can be avoided. Hiring discrimination is another form of training that can reduce lawsuits from a State and Federal level. Government contracted companies must maintain a documented Affirmative Action Program that ensures their hiring practices are equal and fair to all applicants. All managers within a company should receive this training in order to prevent and avoid the wrongdoing and negligence that could cause good companies to lose creditability and be sued. Skill based training or Developmental training is another form of training that a company provides to their employees. Training increases employee productivity. They learn different ways to complete tasks take on more responsibility and eventually grow as leaders within the company. Employees who do not receive guidance or have difficulty learning the ropes are much more likely to leave the company. Investing time and money in employees’ skills makes them feel valued and appreciated, and it also challenges them to learn more and get involved in their job. How does this benefit the company? Training reduces the need for employees’ supervision. Not only does skill-based training teach employees to do their jobs better, but it also helps them work more independently and develop a can-do attitude. A famous saying is, â€Å"People quit people and not companies. † – Author Unknown. To me this quote means that if your supervisor has been trained to show appreciation, develop his work force, motivate employees and are fair and just in their treatment of all employees, most employees will find job satisfaction on that team. Successful employee training delivers improvements in employee performance which, in turn, creates a better performing business and improves the bottom line product. Good training programs improved quality and productivity, accuracy and efficiency, good work and safety practices. The result of these benefits is in reducing costs by decreasing wasted time and materials. Maintenance costs of machinery and equipment and by reducing workplace injuries help to manage overhead expenses for the organization. In closing, it is clear to see that training people in the culture of the company through a sound orientation process can earn huge results through employee motivation and satisfaction. Furthermore, using a skill-based training program can reduce costs to the company in compliance issues, quality and cost of scrap and repairs, as well as increasing productivity through having a skilled work force.