Exercise for the Body

You know exercise is good for you — but do you know how good? At its most basic, exercise is any type of physical exertion we perform in an effort to improve our health, shape our bodies, and boost performance (Waehner, Web). Adults, men and women, and teens both benefit from exercise and physical activity in many different ways. Exercise should play a key role in everyone’s daily life, not only does it boost self esteem, it also improves mental health and helps prevent depression, heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type II Diabetes, and, as always, obesity.Most people agree that even though they may not look forward to doing a workout, they tend to feel better after there done. Finding activities that you enjoy and that become part of your daily routine is the key to a long and healthy life. Exercising helps prevent heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type II Diabetes, decay of bones, known as osteoporosis, and obesity. According to the American Heart Associatio n, more than 16 million Americans have heart disease (Penninger, Web).Heart disease occurs when the small vessels in the heart muscle, the coronaries, are not sufficiently supplied with blood, a condition typically caused by arteriosclerosis (Blech 64). Primary risk factors for heart disease include: high blood pressure, obesity, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Daily exercise, such as, walking, swimming, and running, has been known to lower blood pressure by keeping the arterial walls distensible and responsive to both diastolic and systolic blood pressure (Marieb and Hoehn 705).Type II diabetics respond well to exercise by becoming more sensitive to insulin- the hormone that lowers blood pressure. Exercise can also reduce â€Å"bad† cholesterol levels in the blood (the low-density lipoprotein [LDL] level), as well as total cholesterol, and can raise the â€Å"good† cholesterol (the high-density lipoprotein [HDL] level) (Marieb and Hoehn 943). Exerci se burns extra calories, increases metabolic rate (anabolic ally and catabolically), and increases enzymes which leads to weight loss. In addition, high levels of stress have been linked to weight gain.Whether it’s hitting the gym, swimming a couple laps in your pool, or even taking a brisk walk around your neighborhood, exercise improves mental health and helps prevent depression and anxiety. Exercise is a distraction that can get you away from the cycle of negative thoughts that feed anxiety and depression. When one is active, blood and oxygen flow to the brain are increased, growth factors that help create new nerve cells increase to promote plasticity, and chemicals in the brain increase that help cognition, such as, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate (Physical Exercise, Web).As exercise is increased, energy levels and serotonin are increased, which leads to improved mental clarity (Sarnataro, Web). Studies show that exercise boosts activity in the brains frontal lobes an d the hippocampus. Doing something positive to manage anxiety or depression is a healthy coping strategy. Trying to feel better by drinking alcohol, dwelling on how badly you feel, or hoping anxiety or depression will go away on their own can lead to worsening symptoms. Self-esteem is defined as the experience of being capable of meeting life’s challenges and being worthy of happiness (Fresh, Web).Developing healthy self-esteem is a critical component of program aimed at self-improvement. In those who work out in the morning, endorphins, a chemical the pituitary glands produce, are released into your bloodstream, which can lead to a more energized day (Zelam, Web). After a long day at work, stresses and worries can accumulate inside you. Exercise right after work is the perfect natural therapy that can change your mood drastically. Daily exercise may give you the chance to meet or socialize with others.Just exchanging a friendly smile or greeting as you walk around your neigh borhood can help improve your mood. Meeting exercise goals or challenges, even small ones, can boost your self-confidence. Getting in shape can also make you feel better about your appearance. Teens that make exercise and physical activity a habit have a lot going for them, such as, high self-esteem, better grades, and abstinence. Nearly half of American youths aged 12-21 years are not vigorously active on a regular basis (Fitness Benefits for Teens, Web).Teens who exercise a minimum of 60 minutes a day are less likely to have heart disease, obesity, and osteoporosis as adults. Resistance and strength training exercises in teens is very important because it helps bone production and bone growth, which prevents osteoporosis. Many teens deal with skin problems, such as, acne and early signs of aging. Exercise mediates the production of testosterone-related hormones such as DHEA and DHT. â€Å"There‘s a lot of indirect evidence that shows that when you exercise your level of str ess diminishes.So your adrenal glands are producing less of these male-type hormones that are part of any acne flare-up† (Bouchez, Web). Exercise boosts oxygen to the skin; it also helps increase that natural production of collagen, the connective tissue that plumps your skin. Your skin color is also improved after exercise because of the increase blood flow (Fitness Guide, Web). A 2002 study by the National Academy of Health showed teens who did not exercise were five times more likely to engage in overuse of alcohol, drugs, and crime than those who were already committed to a regular schedule of exercise.Women who regularly participate in physical activity can reduce or improve symptoms of menopause, PMS, diabetes, as well as numerous other conditions. Pregnant women should also engage in exercise. Just 30 minutes of moderate exercise, three times a week, can help balance hormones, lessen morning sickness, prevent or manage gestational diabetes, and ultimately, prepare for l abor and delivery. Also, in women, estradiol and progesterone, 2 ovian hormones linked to breast cancer tumor production, are lowered in the body by exercise (Brotherston, Web).Fat is a catalyst in the production of estrogen. Exercise burns body fat and thus can decrease the rate of estrogen production. Sex plays a key role in exercise for men; the greater the amounts of testosterone circulating in the body, the greater your ability to build muscle, burn body fat, enhance athleticism, and perform like a champion in the bedroom (Stiefel, Print). Sexual function is affected by general health and the more you can do to improve your health with physical activity, the etter your sex life can be. Higher levels of testosterone lead you to wanting more sex. Frequent ejaculation boosts testosterone levels, which works your endocrine system (Stiefel, Print). Researchers from the University of Naples reported that lifestyle modifications, mainly a reduced calorie diet and regular exercise, imp rove erectile dysfunction in obese men (Bumgardner, Web). Millions of Americans suffer from illnesses that can be prevented or improved through regular physical activity.Basic knowledge of the anatomic, biochemical, and physiological changes that result from various patterns of physical activity (short and long term, sustained and intermittent, isotonic and isometric, low and high intensity) in persons of different ages is needed, as is a determination of whether a certain minimum-intensity threshold of physical activity is required for benefit (Fletcher and et al. Web). Exercise is the single best thing you can do for your brain in terms of mood, memory, and learning (Kotz, Web). Regular exercise is a critical part of staying healthy. Those who are active live longer and feel better.

Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay

Description, use and evaluation of two different assessment activities. Assessment is the process of checking what the learner has learnt against what has been taught. Assessments are used as a diagnostic tool to establish entry level behaviour / academic ability, to help diagnose any addition learning disabilities and to determine the learners preferred learning styles. Assessments acts to motivate learners, and create additional learning opportunities. It is also Used to provide constructive feedback. Assessments are used to grade learners course work and is used as a quality assurance mechanism both internal (standardisation meeting) and external (External Verification by Awarding Body). Assessments ensure that standards are maintained, certificates achievements, helps facilitate progression and predicts future performance / selection. Wilson (2008:114) states that ‘You may use assessment to identify specific needs of learners and assessments should be an integral component of your teaching and lesson plan.’ Norm referencing or normative – this is one a learner is assessed against each other –the learners’ abilities is measured/ compared against the learners. This method is very common in educational establishments. Criterion referencing –learner has achieved a particular standard – the learner can either to the tasks, answer the question or use occupationally competent. This method is used in NVQ/ QCF . This tends to be a pass or fail approach. This style of assessment measures what the learner can do and will be given the appropriate support and guidance to achieve. Ipsative assessment –this method of assessment relies on the individual learner self assessing –whether their knowledge performance or ability meets the standards set. This will be used at the end of the programme. The learner will summarise his learning at the end of programme Formative assessment – this is also known as continuous assessment. It will allow the learner to determine their progress and improve where necessary. This can act as a motivational tool to the learner. Kolb learning styles advocates formative assessment as this will aid personal development and progression after the course of study. Summative assessment – this tends to take the form of tests for exams at the end of study. This tends to be a more formal way of assessing. The learner is tested on their skills and knowledge that once the learning has been completed. This form of assessment tends to put enormous pressure on  the learner and success is dependent on the final outcome of the test. Many learners find this quite anxious leading to learner apprehension. Observing a learner in their place of work would enable me to determine their level of occupational competence. As a health and social care assessor/ tutor, this form of assessment works best, any areas of discrepancy would be addressed when providing the learner with feedback. Observation assessment gives the learner the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding. Wilson. (2008:114) states that ‘this is considered one of the best forms of assessment because there can be no doubts in the mind of the assessor that the learner knows how to do something.’ The learners tend to generally enjoy assignments due to the variety of each assignment. A marking guide for each assessment can be easily established for other tutors to mark and support learners. One has to be aware that Projects are learner driven and Assignments are tutor led. As a tutor, marking written questions requires a very detailed marking assessment (Reliability) plan to ensure transparency and fairness. Deciding what proportion of their work deserves what marks and areas relating to punctuation a, gramm ar and spelling needs to be address and shared with learners at the start of each written essay. In addition to the above, Oral questions allows me to directly assess the learners understanding of the subject matter (Authenticity). I have used this method when conducting Observations and when providing feed back to learners after they have completed their multiple Choice/ short answers. Some learners find it difficult to understand what is required from them when posed as a written question. By verbally repeating the question or re-phrasing the questions will give the learner the opportunity to add to their original answer (Differentiation). One has to be aware not to used leading or closed questions. As a tutor I need to be aware not to lead the learner and authenticity of the learner work can be questioned. With the learner permission, digital Dictaphones are often used which can be used to check authenticity (learners’ words and voice can be heard and validated). Learners tend to benefit from formative assessment activities throughout the duration of their course as it would provide opportunities to build on their strengths and provide additional opportunities to learn from their mistakes. A good assessment model should consist of the following clearly defined stages: Decide the intended learning Outcomes: Devise the assessment  task(s): Devise the learning activities. Reliability is an important element of all assessment models as it should ensure that assessors/ tutors acting independently using the same criteria and marking scheme would come to exactly the same judgement about a given piece of work. Explicit learning outcomes tend lead to achieving reliability as all assessors / tutors and learners follow the same learning outcomes. Reliability should: Ensure that same work should be awarded the same score .Secondly, Examiners / assessors award the same score to the same script if they score it again on a subsequent occasion. Finally, ensure that student get the same score in the test when it is administered at different times. Reliability can be increased by introducing a marking scheme for assessors especially for those assessments which have traditionally low reliabilities i.e. essays. It will not ensure that the essay will be marked in exactly the same way but will ensure the basis of the marking will be the same i.e. looking for the same things in each essay leading to increased reliability. Validity – Does the assessed task actually assess what you want to it to? There are different types of Validity .Content validity: Ensuring that the aims of the curriculum are in keeping with what the learner needs to know. One has to make sure that the learning objectives are remains closely linked to the learners desired learning outcomes otherwise the quality of the whole course could be brought into question. Secondly, Construct validity: ensuring that the assessment is closely linked to the desired learning outcomes of the course. Finally, Predictive validity: Ensuring that the performance of a student on assessments is closely related to their future performance on the predictive measure. Francis & Gould (2009:87) stated ‘The way in which the required information is delivered can also make a significant difference to the way in which it is received’ Reflect on feedback in assessment to inform learners’ progress and achievement Feedback is a process involving the tutor and learner. It is an opportunity for both parties to give constructive advice on their strengths and addressing weaknesses, as well as offering guidance and support, in order for future development to occur. Having a good rapport with your learner, helps in the feedback process. Francis & Gould (2009:87) stated ‘The most obvious of these is to have a good knowledge of the learners-their  previous knowledge and experience, their current levels of understanding, their aptitude for the subject’. The ‘Feedback Sandwich’ is a popular method of giving feedback whereby the tutor opens with a positive statement (reassures and relaxes learner) followed by a developmental statement (contribution from learner is sort during this stage) including area of concern, ending with a motivational closing statement (learner to identify their own are as of development). Francis & Gould (2009:105) stated ‘Good feedback acknowledges what the learner is doing correctly and identifies clearly and concisely what can be done to further improve performance’. This can be used as part of the learner assessment process. This can be either an informal or formal format. I tend to give weekly informal feedback after an assignment has been submitted followed by a formal 12 week Progress review. One must be aware of ‘telling ‘or ‘asking’ approaches during feedback. ‘Telling ‘has the advantage in providing a quick / direct response and giving confidence to inexperienced learners in the short term. In the long term the learners confidence may be eroded leading to over dependency on the tutor. ‘Asking ‘approaches invites the learners to self evaluate their progress and arrive at their own conclusions leading to a more independent learner (used at 12 week reviews ) . Insecure and timid learners may find this approach to feedback intimidating especially if they have difficulty evaluating and analysing their work. I have used the Telling approach to a new learner who required a quick and direct first feedback review in order to focus them on the task at hand. Francis & Gould (2009:107) stated ‘†¦A general rule we should try an ‘wean ‘learners away from reliance on the teacher and help them become more independent in their learning and performance of the skill’ Feedback could be either verbal or written. Feedback requires good communication skills and a diplomatic nature and approach. It will also test your listening, objectivity and explaining skills. Good feedback should: Delivered promptly after an assessment, Be a two way process between learner and tutor, Motivational in nature, where by the learners self esteem and confidence is not adversely affected, Specific and to the point- as a tutor, one has to be aware not to digress and remain objective , Choice and solutions can be explored during feedback, focus on things that can be changed i.e. behaviour and finally Positive and Constructive whereby the learner feels that the required changes can be  achieved. Francis & Gould (2009:105) stated ‘Feedback, whatever the purpose, should be constructive.’ During a recent observation assessment with one of my learners, I provided verbal feedback on what I had observed, in which my positive but constructive feedback was generally well received. I focussed on the positive elements of the observation, highlighting the assessment criteria that I thought were met, followed by area that I thought could be improved on. The learner commented that she had not realised that she had covered so many assessment criteria’s and had had conducted herself in such a positive and professional manner. As A result of receiving such positive feedback which highlighted areas of her strengths and weaknesses, she has improved the quality and frequency of her written assignments. How feedback from others informs owns professional practice. I have recently received feedback from my line manager (Internal verifier), conducting a learner 12 week review on their progress to date. On the whole, my line manager thought I had conducted a good learner review, providing constructive but encouraging feedback on assignments submitted, workshops participation and attendance. My overall preparation (copies of comments on previous feedback/ assignments) for the review was deemed satisfactory and I had covered all the areas of the Diploma (ERR, Technical certificate, Functional skills), highlighted areas of achievement and what remains outstanding. My line manager stated that I should record more of the Information , Advice and Guidance (IAG) that I verbally gave to my learners (i.e. referencing the need for the learner to read specific company policies and procedures, visit certain websites and recommended reading materials ISBN). In addition to the above, my line manager requested that the learner wrote a comment in the learner section of the review as well as having the learners’ manager comment on the review also. I have now incorporated these recommendations into my most recent reviews ensuring that learners ‘own their feedback’. Seeking the comments and signatures of the learners’ manager is a little more problematic often having to arrange a separate visit solely for this purpose. In summary, effective assessment should ensure Consistent outcomes , Accessible to learners whereby learners can access assessments and follow systems of equality and inclusion, Detailed assessments covering all areas of the curriculum, Earned by learner and they have achieved award and Transparent , clear and meaningful to all parties.  (CADET). The assessment process informs me of the progress of the learner, whether my teaching is effective to all learners and finally whether my assessments are effective in relation to validity, authenticity and reliability. Following the above CADET model, I feel that my current assessment and feedback methodology meet the required standard. References: Boud, D (1995) Enhancing Learning Through self assessments, London. Kogan Page. Honey, P and A. Mumford (1982/1992) The Manual of learning styles, Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publications. Wilson, L (2008), Practical Teaching: A Guide to PTLLS & CTLLS. London. Cengage Learning. EMEA. Francis. M & Gould. J (2009) Achieving your PTLLS Award: a practical guide to successful Teaching in the lifelong sector. London. Sage Publication Hillier, Y. (2005) Reflective teaching in further and adult education .London. Continuum. Wilson. L (2008) Practical Teaching: A Guide to PTLLS and CTLLS. London. Cengage. EMEA.

Police future and using of new Technologies Essay

Police future and using of new Technologies - Essay Example Local law enforcement agencies are part of the overall DHS team, even while taking care of local issues, as they are also at street level and most likely to gather information from neighborhood contacts (Peak 2012). Many of the tools devised by the military are now being used by the law enforcement communities to help overcome issues of restricted manpower and availability on the streets. Tools used by the FBI and the NSA, particularly within the surveillance realm, are being used, such as advanced electronic apparatus that will pick up any phone and texting messages being sent in any given area that is being monitored by the Stingray (Sabalow 2013). This mobile device picks up the transmissions from a close-by tower and relays it back to the mobile device’s antenna and is then downloaded to a laptop. By all formal accounts, actual phone conversations and text messages are not picked up in real time. The point is to determine those suspected phone numbers, which link people being watched, with others who may yet be unknown to the police, until that linkage occurs. Location of the phone call or message is recorded by location and time, perhaps placing certain suspicious people close to so me event that has occurred, or is likely to occur, such as a bombing. The next step for law enforcement is to get a warrant that can be applied to the tower’s carrier and thus, be able to get more information from the carrier on the suspected people involved. However, there is always room for abuse in determining just when the original information was gathered, thus necessitating that warrant, or if one was even obtained. Not only are suspected people under surveillance, so are those people who just happen to be in that area where the tower is located (Sabalow 2013). It would be ideal if law enforcement could come up with fine-tuned technology that could just follow the suspicious phone numbers and text messages by setting up a technological code on the

Uses of the private browsing feature offered by major internet Essay

Uses of the private browsing feature offered by major internet browsers - Essay Example As such, other users of the same computer will not be able to track one’s communication and the pages on social sites that they have visited. Closely related to this point is that people turn on the feature when accessing sites that they do not wish their partners or family members to view, or when performing research on a subject that they consider private. For example, people accessing pornographic sites or sites that feature adult products turn on the feature to hide their tracks (lifehacker, 2012). The feature is also useful at home when planning surprises and buying gifts online (Lienjdlien, 2010). The target of the surprise is not able to detect what is in store for them as no trace of sites visited by a person is left behind. At home, the private browsing feature is also used when visiting or opening pages that are potentially dangerous or intrusive according to Lienjdlien (2010). For example, the feature may be turned on to filter out adverts or sites that may contain viruses. At work, the private browsing feature acts as a security measure against possible threats when performing online transactions (Lienjdlien, 2010). As a security measure against online threats when performing transactions, the feature is also applicable at the home. The feature is also used when one has to log onto a private account from a computer that is publicly accessed. The feature in this case prevents other persons from gaining access to private accounts once an individual has logged off from them. The feature is also important when one needs to hide their tracks and keep the computer’s browser free of information that is not relevant (Lienjdlien, 2010). Web developers enter the private mode with an aim of testing websites’ session and cookie related aspects (lifehacker, 2012). At work, one may use the private browsing feature to manage multiple accounts simultaneously on a single website. For example, if one has several gmail accounts

Business Expansion and Sustainability Research Paper - 1

Business Expansion and Sustainability - Research Paper Example The degree should be from a recognized university. Secondly, the applicants for the post should have an experience of not less than 3 years in the particular field required for the job position. Thirdly, the applicants should be registered with the professional bodies recognized by law and the government. Firstly, recruiting knowledgeable candidates who are conversant with the stated field will ease the placement of the recruits in the vacant positions. The job requirement of having a degree from a recognized university will make the staffing process easier in the placement stage. Also recruitment of qualified candidates ensures creates a pool of highly ranked employees in the organization and this improves the brand name of the company. As a result, the good brand name attracts more trained workers for the business operations (Bechet, 2008). Secondly, the previous work experience required from the candidates is essential in staffing since it enables selection of employees with of the right quality in terms of technical knowhow in the stated field. Additionally, the job requirement in previous work experience guarantees the organization little or no employee training in the future. In this way, the organization can be relieved from the costs spent in training and indeed direct it to other activities of the organization. The most effective strategy to ensure that the applicants meet the stated job requirements is by enquiring certificates and CVs from them. They should carry with them the academic certificates, work experience and registration documents from the professional bodies that are concerned with the particular field. In this way, you will screen the documents to ensure that there not forged, and, as a result select the applicants, which are just enough for the vacant position. A long-term recruitment plan that is in line with the company’s recruitment

True Profession Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

True Profession - Article Example However, today’s business environment is considered to be dynamic and challenging, as the success of a business depends on the amount of trust they gain from their customers and stake holders. This has provided opportunities for well-known business schools to introduce new academic course integrating management code of ethics that would help in aligning management with other well-known professions such as lawyers, doctors, engineers and teachers. Considering the above stated scenario, it is also believed that the integration of the code of ethics in the MBA course will serve as competitive advantages for the students in the business market. It is also believed that having the world first Certified Business Professional (CBP) will allow the academic institution to stay ahead from other in-state MBA programs over other universities (Khurana & Nohria, â€Å"It’s Time to Make Management a True Profession†; Nohria, â€Å"A Hippocratic Oath for Management†). Wit h reference to the stated scenario it can be viewed that the dean of ODU’s College of Business and Public Administration (CBPA) is planning to implement oath at the Hippocratic Oath for Managers at this year’s graduation and initiating the new CBP program next year. In this regard, the plan of implementation of the management code can be considered as an effective approach. In this rapid changing environment it has been viewed that organization who succeed in gaining trust of the people sustains in the growing competitive market whereas organization who only focus on gaining profit dissolve within a short span of time. In this aspect implementing managerial code of conduct in the MBA would not only help in establishing a modern management approach but would also help in establishing a modern approach in the business world. It would not only provide numerous opportunities but would also change the way business operates today. The student oath is component of more preval ent initiative to turn management into profession similar to those of medical doctors and lawyers. The Hippocratic Oath promotes the notion of sustainable development. Additionally, it would also help in expanding the knowledge of the student as it would explore new field of studies and also help in understanding the business world deeply. Additionally introducing the process of Hippocratic Oath for manager in academic institutions would also help in producing loyal managers and would also motivate them to implement their skills and knowledge effectively for establishing the organization goal efficiently and through effective utilization of the organization resources (Khurana & Nohria, â€Å"It’s Time to Make Management a True Profession†; Nohria, â€Å"A Hippocratic Oath for Management†).The process of taking oath is viewed to provide a normative framework that helps in shaping the identity of a personnel and their responsibility towards the society specificall y for the people associated with their organization. In this world of shrinking public trust for business managers by the general public, introducing of ethical code would help in establishing a sense of trust and believe amid the stake holders resulting in more efficient functionality of the organization as people would feel secured to invest more in the organization. (ISFP, â€Å"

Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entrepreneurs - Essay Example The basic attributes of an entrepreneur comprise risk taking, opportunity seeking, innovation, high degree of motivation, unconventional, positivism, goal-oriented, leadership skills, team management, problem solving skills and most importantly, ability to take initiatives. The innovative nature and ability to take measured risk differentiate entrepreneurs from other business owners (Cuervo, Ribeiro and Roig, 2007). Entrepreneurs are considered extremely important for social and economic development. The main advantages of entrepreneurial development are effective utilisation of resources, employment generation, creation of human and social capital, development of backward and rural areas, minimisation of power and wealth inequality, reduction in regional imbalance and economic growth. Cantillon’s theory suggests that involvement of risk in entrepreneurship helps in maintaining equilibrium in demand and supply in an economy. Entrepreneurial development for societal progress is supported by a number of theories such as, David McClelland’s theory of needs and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Bula, 2012). In addition, Schumpeter and Drucker argued that entrepreneurial innovation is necessary for exploiting unseen opportunities and encouraging changes in the economy (Śledzik, 2013). There are a number of entrepreneurs presently operating in surrounding business environment. Under broad categories, they can be classified as: social entrepreneurs, women entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. Social entrepreneurs are by nature innovators, but they are different from business entrepreneurs in terms of purpose. They play distinct role in developing and initiating changes in the society. Social entrepreneur is an individual who recognises problems prevailing in the society and employ principles of entrepreneurship for creating and supporting scope of social ventures. Social entrepreneurs